Method for operating terminal when dci is not detected

ABSTRACT

According to the present specification, a fallback operation for when a terminal has not detected a DCI is newly proposed.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure relates to wireless communication.

Related Art

As more and more communication devices require more communication capacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communication over existing radio access technology. Also, massive machine type communications (MTC), which provides various services by connecting many devices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in the next generation communication. In addition, communication system design considering reliability/latency sensitive service/UE is being discussed. The introduction of next generation radio access technology considering enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC), ultrareliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. This new technology may be called new radio access technology (new RAT or NR) in the present disclosure for convenience.

According to the carrier aggregation operation, a transmission/reception is performed in multiple cells, the power consumption increases in comparison with a single cell operation. As a method of reducing the power consumption, a method of deactivating an unused SCell may be used. However, the SCell activation/deactivation by RRC signaling increases latency, and additional power consumption is required in the activation/deactivation process. To solve the problem, in the LTE system, a dormancy state is defined for an SCell, and it is defined that a PDCCH monitoring is not performed in the SCell in which the dormancy state is set to the SCell by MAC signaling, and it is defined that operations of a channel quality measurement and the like such as a CSI report are performed for a faster state transition. For example, in the case that a specific SCell is configured as the dormancy state, a UE may not perform a PDCCH monitoring for the SCell. Thereafter, to activate the SCell quickly, a measurement, a report, and the like are performed in the dormancy state, and the channel condition and the link status of the SCell may be monitored.

Meanwhile, since the SCell dormancy indication determines a performance of the PDCCH monitoring for the associated SCell, the SCell dormancy indication may influence the power consumption of a user equipment and the efficient resource management of a network. Accordingly, the same understanding for the SCell dormary operation is required between a network and a user equipment, and a fallback operation is also required for the case that a user equipment is unable to detect an indication of a network.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure newly proposes a fallback operation for the case that a user equipment is unable to detect DCI.

Advantageous Effects

According to the present disclosure, a fallback operation for the case that a user equipment is unable to detect DCI is defined, and the same understanding may be derived between a network and a user equipment, which is more efficient in the aspect of the power consumption of a user equipment and the resource management of a network.

The effects that can be obtained through specific examples of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described in the present disclosure and may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a user plane.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a control plane.

FIG. 4 shows another wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied.

FIG. 5 illustrates a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure that may be applied in NR.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure.

FIG. 8 illustrates CORESET.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a difference between a related art control region and the CORESET in NR.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a frame structure for new radio access technology.

FIG. 11 illustrates a structure of a self-contained slot.

FIG. 12 is an abstract schematic diagram illustrating hybrid beamforming from the viewpoint of TXRUs and physical antennas.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a synchronization signal/PBCH (SS/PBCH) block.

FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a UE to obtain timing information.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system information acquisition process of a UE.

FIG. 16 illustrates a random access procedure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a power ramping counter.

FIG. 18 illustrates the concept of the threshold of an SS block in a relationship with an RACH resource.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing an idle-mode DRX operation.

FIG. 20 illustrates a DRX cycle.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation of a UE for the case that the UE is unable to receive the DCI including a dormancy indication.

FIG. 22 schematically illustrates an example that a default operation is defined for an SCell or SCell group.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart for an example of a method for performing a default operation of a UE to which a primary cell and multiple secondary cells are configured according to some implementations of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart for an example of a method for configuration a default operation of a base station for a UE according to some implementations of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 26 illustrates a wireless device that is applicable to the disclosure.

FIG. 27 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal.

FIG. 28 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 29 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 30 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 31 illustrates a vehicle applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 32 illustrates a XR device applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 33 illustrates a robot applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates an AI device applied to the disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

As used herein, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. That is, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B” herein. For example, “A, B or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”.

As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma (,) may mean “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Therefore, “A/B” may include “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B, or C”.

As used herein, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. Further, as used herein, “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted equally as “at least one of A and B”.

As used herein, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. Further, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”.

As used herein, parentheses may mean “for example”. For instance, the expression “control information (PDCCH)” may mean that a PDCCH is proposed as an example of control information. That is, control information is not limited to a PDCCH, but a PDCCH is proposed as an example of control information. Further, the expression “control information (i.e., a PDCCH)” may also mean that a PDCCH is proposed as an example of control information.

Technical features individually described within a drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented individually or may be implemented simultaneously.

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied. The wireless communication system may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.

The E-UTRAN includes at least one base station (BS) 20 which provides a control plane and a user plane to a user equipment (UE) 10. The UE 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to as another terminology, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The BS 20 is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may be referred to as another terminology, such as an evolved node-B (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

The BSs 20 are interconnected by means of an X2 interface. The BSs 20 are also connected by means of an S1 interface to an evolved packet core (EPC) 30, more specifically, to a mobility management entity (MME) through S1-MME and to a serving gateway (S-GW) through S1-U.

The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network-gateway (P-GW). The MME has access information of the UE or capability information of the UE, and such information is generally used for mobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRAN as an end point. The P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an end point.

Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service by using a physical channel, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer serves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. For this, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a user plane. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission. The control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 , a PHY layer provides an upper layer with an information transfer service through a physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is an upper layer of the PHY layer through a transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transferred through a radio interface.

Data is moved between different PHY layers, that is, the PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver, through a physical channel. The physical channel may be modulated according to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and use the time and frequency as radio resources.

The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between a logical channel and a transport channel and multiplexing and demultiplexing to a transport block that is provided through a physical channel on the transport channel of a MAC Service Data Unit (SDU) that belongs to a logical channel. The MAC layer provides service to a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer through the logical channel.

The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of an RLC SDU. In order to guarantee various types of Quality of Service (QoS) required by a Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operation mode: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

The RRC layer is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer is related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers, and is responsible for control of logical channels, transport channels, and PHY channels. An RB means a logical route that is provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layers (MAC layer, the RLC layer, and the PDCP layer) in order to transfer data between UE and a network.

The function of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on the user plane includes the transfer of user data and header compression and ciphering. The function of the PDCP layer on the user plane further includes the transfer and encryption/integrity protection of control plane data.

What an RB is configured means a process of defining the characteristics of a wireless protocol layer and channels in order to provide specific service and configuring each detailed parameter and operating method. An RB can be divided into two types of a Signaling RB (SRB) and a Data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a passage through which an RRC message is transmitted on the control plane, and the DRB is used as a passage through which user data is transmitted on the user plane.

If RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of UE and the RRC layer of an E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state. If not, the UE is in the RRC idle state.

A downlink transport channel through which data is transmitted from a network to UE includes a broadcast channel (BCH) through which system information is transmitted and a downlink shared channel (SCH) through which user traffic or control messages are transmitted. Traffic or a control message for downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through an additional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transport channel through which data is transmitted from UE to a network includes a random access channel (RACH) through which an initial control message is transmitted and an uplink shared channel (SCH) through which user traffic or control messages are transmitted.

Logical channels that are placed over the transport channel and that are mapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

The physical channel includes several OFDM symbols in the time domain and several subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resources allocation unit, and includes a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of subcarriers. Furthermore, each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of the corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), that is, an L1/L2 control channel. A Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is a unit time for transmission, e.g., a subframe or a slot.

Hereinafter, a new radio access technology (new RAT, NR) will be described.

As more and more communication devices require more communication capacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communication over existing radio access technology. Also, massive machine type communications (MTC), which provides various services by connecting many devices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in the next generation communication. In addition, communication system design considering reliability/latency sensitive service/UE is being discussed. The introduction of next generation radio access technology considering enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC), ultrareliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. This new technology may be called new radio access technology (new RAT or NR) in the present disclosure for convenience.

FIG. 4 shows another wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied.

Specifically, FIG. 4 shows a system architecture based on a 5G new radio access technology (NR) system. An entity used in the 5G NR system (hereinafter, simply referred to as “NR”) may absorb some or all functions of the entity (e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW) introduced in FIG. 1 (e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW). The entity used in the NR system may be identified in the name of “NG” to distinguish it from LTE.

Referring to FIG. 4 , a wireless communication system includes one or more UEs 11, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN), and a 5^(th) generation core network (5GC). The NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node. The NG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the BS 20 of FIG. 1 . The NG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB 21 and/or at least one ng-eNB 22. The gNB 21 provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 11. The Ng-eNB 22 provides an E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 11.

The 5GC includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), a user plane function (UPF), and a session management function (SMF). The AMF hosts functions, such as non-access stratum (NAS) security, idle state mobility processing, and so on. The AMF is an entity including the conventional MMF function. The UPF hosts functions, such as mobility anchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) processing, and so on. The UPF is an entity including the conventional S-GW function. The SMF hosts functions, such as UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation, PDU session control, and so on.

The gNB and the ng-eNB are interconnected through an Xn interface. The gNB and the ng-eNB are also connected to the 5GC through an NG interface. More specifically, the gNB and the ng-eNB are connected to the AMF through an NG-C interface, and are connected to the UPF through an NG-U interface.

FIG. 5 illustrates a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the gNB may provide functions such as an inter-cell radio resource management (Inter Cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurement configuration & provision, dynamic resource allocation, and the like. The AMF may provide functions such as NAS security, idle state mobility handling, and so on. The UPF may provide functions such as mobility anchoring, PDU processing, and the like. The SMF may provide functions such as UE IP address assignment, PDU session control, and so on.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure that may be applied in NR.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a frame may be composed of 10 milliseconds (ms) and include 10 subframes each composed of 1 ms.

In the NR, uplink and downlink transmissions may be configured on a frame basis. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms, and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HFs). The HF may be defined as five 1 ms sub-frames (SFs). The SF is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in the SF depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot includes 12 symbols. Herein, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-S-OFDM symbol).

One or a plurality of slots may be included in a subframe according to subcarrier spacings.

The following table 1 illustrates a subcarrier spacing configuration μ.

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2^(μ) · 15[kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 2 60 Normal Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal

The following table 2 illustrates the number of slots in a frame (N^(frame,μ) _(slot)), the number of slots in a subframe (N^(subframe,μ) _(slot)), the number of symbols in a slot (N^(slot) _(symb)), and the like, according to subcarrier spacing configurations μ.

TABLE 2 μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame,μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe,μ) 0 14 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

Table 3 below illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS, in case of using an extended CP.

TABLE 3 SCS(15*2{circumflex over ( )} μ) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame,μ) _(slot) N^(subframe,μ) _(slot) 60 KHz ( μ = 2) 12 40 4

NR supports multiple numbers (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide region in the legacy cellular band is supported; and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense urban areas, low time delay and wide carrier bandwidth are supported; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or more, a bandwidth of more than 24.25 GHz is supported in order to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2). A numerical value of the frequency range may be changed and, for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 4 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may refer to “sub 6 GHz range” and FR2 may refer to “above 6 GHz range” and may be called millimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE 4 Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 450 MHz-6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 160, 120, 240 kHz

As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 5 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for a vehicle (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE 5 Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 410 MHz-7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells integrated to one UE. Accordingly, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot or TTI) (for convenience, collectively referred to as a time unit (TU)) configured of the same number of symbols may be differently configured between the integrated cells.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure.

Referring to FIG. 7 , a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a time domain. For example, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in case of the normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols. However, in case of the extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and the BWP may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on). The carrier ma include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) within a resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped thereto.

A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may include one or more control channel elements (CCEs) as illustrated in the following table 6.

TABLE 6 Aggregation level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16

That is, the PDCCH may be transmitted through a resource including 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, the CCE includes six resource element groups (REGs), and one REG includes one resource block in a frequency domain and one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a time domain.

A new unit called a control resource set (CORESET) may be introduced in the NR. The UE may receive a PDCCH in the CORESET.

FIG. 8 illustrates CORESET.

Referring to FIG. 8 , the CORESET includes N^(CORESET) _(RB) number of resource blocks in the frequency domain, and N^(CORESET) _(symb) ∈ {1, 2, 3} number of symbols in the time domain. N^(CORESET) _(RB) and N^(CORESET) _(symb) may be provided by a base station via higher layer signaling. As illustrated in FIG. 8 , a plurality of CCEs (or REGs) may be included in the CORESET.

The UE may attempt to detect a PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs in the CORESET. One or a plurality of CCEs in which PDCCH detection may be attempted may be referred to as PDCCH candidates.

A plurality of CORESETs may be configured for the terminal.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a difference between a related art control region and the CORESET in NR.

Referring to FIG. 9 , a control region 300 in the related art wireless communication system (e.g., LTE/LTE-A) is configured over the entire system band used by a base station (BS). All the terminals, excluding some (e.g., eMTC/NB-IoT terminal) supporting only a narrow band, must be able to receive wireless signals of the entire system band of the BS in order to properly receive/decode control information transmitted by the BS.

On the other hand, in NR, CORESET described above was introduced. CORESETs 301, 302, and 303 are radio resources for control information to be received by the terminal and may use only a portion, rather than the entirety of the system bandwidth. The BS may allocate the CORESET to each UE and may transmit control information through the allocated CORESET. For example, in FIG. 9 , a first CORESET 301 may be allocated to UE 1, a second CORESET 302 may be allocated to UE 2, and a third CORESET 303 may be allocated to UE 3. In the NR, the terminal may receive control information from the BS, without necessarily receiving the entire system band.

The CORESET may include a UE-specific CORESET for transmitting UE-specific control information and a common CORESET for transmitting control information common to all UEs.

Meanwhile, NR may require high reliability according to applications. In such a situation, a target block error rate (BLER) for downlink control information (DCI) transmitted through a downlink control channel (e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) may remarkably decrease compared to those of conventional technologies. As an example of a method for satisfying requirement that requires high reliability, content included in DCI can be reduced and/or the amount of resources used for DCI transmission can be increased. Here, resources can include at least one of resources in the time domain, resources in the frequency domain, resources in the code domain and resources in the spatial domain.

In NR, the following technologies/features can be applied.

<Self-Contained Subframe Structure>

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a frame structure for new radio access technology.

In NR, a structure in which a control channel and a data channel are time-division-multiplexed within one TTI, as shown in FIG. 10 , can be considered as a frame structure in order to minimize latency.

In FIG. 10 , a shaded region represents a downlink control region and a black region represents an uplink control region. The remaining region may be used for downlink (DL) data transmission or uplink (UL) data transmission. This structure is characterized in that DL transmission and UL transmission are sequentially performed within one subframe and thus DL data can be transmitted and UL ACK/NACK can be received within the subframe. Consequently, a time required from occurrence of a data transmission error to data retransmission is reduced, thereby minimizing latency in final data transmission.

In this data and control TDMed subframe structure, a time gap for a base station and a terminal to switch from a transmission mode to a reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode may be required. To this end, some OFDM symbols at a time when DL switches to UL may be set to a guard period (GP) in the self-contained subframe structure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a structure of a self-contained slot.

In an NR system, a DL control channel, DL or UL data, a UL control channel, and the like may be contained in one slot. For example, first N symbols (hereinafter, DL control region) in the slot may be used to transmit a DL control channel, and last M symbols (hereinafter, UL control region) in the slot may be used to transmit a UL control channel. N and M are integers greater than or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, a data region) which exists between the DL control region and the UL control region may be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. For example, the following configuration may be considered. Respective durations are listed in a temporal order.

1. DL only configuration

2. UL only configuration

3. Mixed UL-DL configuration

-   -   DL region+Guard period (GP)+UL control region     -   DL control region+GP+UL region

Here, DL region may be (i) DL data region, (ii) DL control region+DL data region. UL region may be (i) UL data region, (ii) UL data region+UL control region.

A PDCCH may be transmitted in the DL control region, and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be transmitted in the DL data region. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) may be transmitted in the UL control region, and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) may be transmitted in the UL data region. Downlink control information (DCI), for example, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, and the like, may be transmitted on the PDCCH. Uplink control information (UCI), for example, ACK/NACK information about DL data, channel state information (CSI), and a scheduling request (SR), may be transmitted on the PUCCH. A GP provides a time gap in a process in which a BS and a UE switch from a TX mode to an RX mode or a process in which the BS and the UE switch from the RX mode to the TX mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL within a subframe may be configured as the GP.

<Analog Beamforming #1>

Wavelengths are shortened in millimeter wave (mmW) and thus a large number of antenna elements can be installed in the same area. That is, the wavelength is 1 cm at 30 GHz and thus a total of 100 antenna elements can be installed in the form of a 2-dimensional array at an interval of 0.5 lambda (wavelength) in a panel of 5×5 cm. Accordingly, it is possible to increase a beamforming (BF) gain using a large number of antenna elements to increase coverage or improve throughput in mmW.

In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is provided to adjust transmission power and phase per antenna element, independent beamforming per frequency resource can be performed. However, installation of TXRUs for all of about 100 antenna elements decreases effectiveness in terms of cost. Accordingly, a method of mapping a large number of antenna elements to one TXRU and controlling a beam direction using an analog phase shifter is considered. Such analog beamforming can form only one beam direction in all bands and thus cannot provide frequency selective beamforming.

Hybrid beamforming (BF) having a number B of TXRUs which is smaller than Q antenna elements can be considered as an intermediate form of digital BF and analog BF. In this case, the number of directions of beams which can be simultaneously transmitted are limited to B although it depends on a method of connecting the B TXRUs and the Q antenna elements.

<Analog Beamforming #2>

When a plurality of antennas is used in NR, hybrid beamforming which is a combination of digital beamforming and analog beamforming is emerging. Here, in analog beamforming (or RF beamforming) an RF end performs precoding (or combining) and thus it is possible to achieve the performance similar to digital beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and the number of D/A (or A/D) converters. For convenience, the hybrid beamforming structure may be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas. Then, the digital beamforming for the L data layers to be transmitted at the transmitting end may be represented by an N by L matrix, and the converted N digital signals are converted into analog signals via TXRUs, and analog beamforming represented by an M by N matrix is applied.

FIG. 12 is an abstract schematic diagram illustrating hybrid beamforming from the viewpoint of TXRUs and physical antennas.

In FIG. 12 , the number of digital beams is L and the number of analog beams is N. Further, in the NR system, by designing the base station to change the analog beamforming in units of symbols, it is considered to support more efficient beamforming for a terminal located in a specific area. Furthermore, when defining N TXRUs and M RF antennas as one antenna panel in FIG. 12 , it is considered to introduce a plurality of antenna panels to which independent hybrid beamforming is applicable in the NR system.

When a base station uses a plurality of analog beams as described above, analog beams suitable to receive signals may be different for terminals and thus a beam sweeping operation of sweeping a plurality of analog beams to be applied by a base station per symbol in a specific subframe (SF) for at least a synchronization signal, system information and paging such that all terminals can have reception opportunities is considered.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a synchronization signal/PBCH (SS/PBCH) block.

Referring to FIG. 13 , an SS/PBCH block may include a PSS and an SSS, each of which occupies one symbol and 127 subcarriers, and a PBCH, which spans three OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers where one symbol may include an unoccupied portion in the middle reserved for the SSS. The periodicity of the SS/PBCH block may be configured by a network, and a time position for transmitting the SS/PBCH block may be determined on the basis of subcarrier spacing.

Polar coding may be used for the PBCH. A UE may assume band-specific subcarrier spacing for the SS/PBCH block as long as a network does not configure the UE to assume different subcarrier spacings.

The PBCH symbols carry frequency-multiplexed DMRS thereof. QPSK may be used for the PBCH. 1008 unique physical-layer cell IDs may be assigned.

Regarding a half frame having SS/PBCH blocks, the indexes of first symbols of candidate SS/PBCH blocks are determined according to the subcarrier spacing of SS/PBCH blocks described blow.

Case A—Subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz: The first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {2, 8}+14*n where n=0, 1 for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz or less and n=0, 1, 2, 3 for a carrier frequency which is greater than 3 GHz and is less than or equal to 6 GHz.

Case B—Subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz: The first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n where n=0 for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz or less and n=0, 1 for a carrier frequency which is greater than 3 GHz and is less than or equal to 6 GHz.

Case C—Subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz: The first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {2, 8}+14*n where n=0, 1 for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz or less and n=0, 1, 2, 3 for a carrier frequency which is greater than 3 GHz and is less than or equal to 6 GHz.

Case D—Subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz: The first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n where n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 for a carrier frequency greater than 6 GHz.

Case E—Subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz: The first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44}+56*n where n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 for a carrier frequency greater than 6 GHz.

The candidate SS/PBCH blocks in the half frame are indexed in ascending order from 0 to L−1 on the time axis. The UE needs to determine two LSBs for L=4 of the SS/PBCH block index per half frame and three LSBs for L>4 from one-to-one mapping with the index of a DM-RS sequence transmitted in the PBCH. For L=64, the UE needs to determine three MSBs of the SS/PBCH block index per half frame by PBCH payload bits.

The indexes of SS/PBCH blocks in which the UE cannot receive other signals or channels in REs overlapping with REs corresponding to the SS/PBCH blocks may be set via a higher-layer parameter ‘SSB-transmitted-SIB1’. Further, the indexes of SS/PBCH blocks per serving cell in which the UE cannot receive other signals or channels in REs overlapping with REs corresponding to the SS/PBCH blocks may be set via a higher-layer parameter ‘SSB-transmitted’. The setting via ‘SSB-transmitted’ may override the setting via ‘SSB-transmitted-SIB1’. The periodicity of a half frame for reception of SS/PBCH blocks per serving cell may be set via a higher-layer parameter ‘SSB-periodicityServingCell’. When the UE does not receive the setting of the periodicity of the half frame for the reception of the SS/PBCH blocks, the UE needs to assume the periodicity of the half frame. The UE may assume that the periodicity is the same for all SS/PBCH blocks in a serving cell.

FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a UE to obtain timing information.

First, a UE may obtain six-bit SFN information through a master information block (MIB) received in a PBCH. Further, the UE may obtain a four-bit SFN in a PBCH transport block.

Second, the UE may obtain a one-bit half frame indicator as part of a PBCH payload. In less than 3 GHz, the half frame indicator may be implicitly signaled as part of a PBCH DMRS for Lmax=4.

Finally, the UE may obtain an SS/PBCH block index by a DMRS sequence and the PBCH payload. That is, the UE may obtain three bits of LSB of the SS block index by the DMRS sequence for a period of 5 ms. Also, three bits of MSB of timing information are explicitly carried in the PBCH payload (for more than 6 GHz).

In initial cell selection, the UE may assume that a half frame having SS/PBCH blocks occurs with a periodicity of two frames. Upon detecting an SS/PBCH block, when k_(SSB)≤23 for FR1 and k_(SSB)≤11 for FR2, the UE determines that a control resource set for a Type0-PDCCH common search space exists. When k_(SSB)>23 for FR1 and k_(SSB)>11 for FR2, the UE determines that there is no control resource set for the Type0-PDCCH common search space.

For a serving cell in which SS/PBCH blocks are not transmitted, the UE obtains time and frequency synchronization of the serving cell based on reception of SS/PBCH blocks on a PCell or PSCell of a cell group for the serving cell.

Hereinafter, acquisition of system information will be described.

System information (SI) is divided into a master information block (MIB) and a plurality of system information blocks (SIBs) where:

-   -   the MIB is transmitted always on a BCH according to a period of         80 ms, is repeated within 80 ms, and includes parameters         necessary to obtain system information block type1 (SIB1) from a         cell;     -   SIB1 is periodically and repeatedly transmitted on a DL-SCH.         SIB1 includes information on availability and scheduling (e.g.,         periodicity or SI window size) of other SIBs. Further, SIB1         indicates whether the SIBs (i.e., the other SIBs) are         periodically broadcast or are provided by request. When the         other SIBs are provided by request, SIB1 includes information         for a UE to request SI;     -   SIBs other than SIB1 are carried via system information (SI)         messages transmitted on the DL-SCH. Each SI message is         transmitted within a time-domain window (referred to as an SI         window) periodically occurring;     -   For a PSCell and SCells, an RAN provides required SI by         dedicated signaling. Nevertheless, a UE needs to acquire an MIB         of the PSCell in order to obtain the SFN timing of a SCH (which         may be different from an MCG). When relevant SI for a SCell is         changed, the RAN releases and adds the related SCell. For the         PSCell, SI can be changed only by reconfiguration with         synchronization (sync).

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system information acquisition process of a UE.

Referring to FIG. 15 , the UE may receive an MIB from a network and may then receive SIB1. Subsequently, the UE may transmit a system information request to the network and may receive a system information message from the network in response.

The UE may apply a system information acquisition procedure for acquiring access stratum (AS) and non-access stratum (NAS) information.

In RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states, the UE needs to ensure valid versions of (at least) the MIB, SIB1, and system information block type X (according to relevant RAT support for mobility controlled by the UE).

In an RRC_CONNECTED state, the UE needs to ensure valid versions of the MIB, SIB1, and system information block type X (according to mobility support for relevant RAT).

The UE needs to store relevant SI obtained from a currently camping/serving cell. The version of the SI obtained and stored by the UE is valid only for a certain period of time. The UE may use this version of the stored SI, for example, after cell reselection, after return from out of coverage, or after indication of a system information change.

Hereinafter, random access will be described.

A UE's random access procedure may be summarized in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Type of signal Operation/obtained information Step 1 Uplink PRACH To obtain initial beam preamble Random election of RA-preamble ID Step 2 Random Timing alignment information access response RA-preamble ID on DL-SCH Initial uplink grant, temporary C-RNTI Step 3 Uplink transmission on RRC connection request UL-SCH UE identifier Step 4 Downlink contention C-RNTI on PDCCH for initial access resolution C-RNTI on PDCCH for RRC_CONNECTED UE

FIG. 16 illustrates a random access procedure.

Referring to FIG. 16 , first, a UE may transmit a PRACH preamble as Msg 1 of the random access procedure via an uplink.

Two random access preamble sequences having different lengths are supported. A long sequence having a length of 839 is applied to a subcarrier spacing of 1.25 kHz and 5 kHz, and a short sequence having a length of 139 is applied to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz. The long sequence supports an unrestricted set and restricted sets of type A and type B, while the short sequence may support only an unrestricted set.

A plurality of RACH preamble formats is defined by one or more RACH OFDM symbols, different cyclic prefixes (CPs), and a guard time. A PRACH preamble setting to be used is provided to the UE as system information.

When there is no response to Msg1, the UE may retransmit the power-ramped PRACH preamble within a specified number of times. The UE calculates PRACH transmission power for retransmission of the preamble based on the most recent estimated path loss and a power ramping counter. When the UE performs beam switching, the power ramping counter does not change.

FIG. 17 illustrates a power ramping counter.

A UE may perform power ramping for retransmission of a random access preamble based on a power ramping counter. Here, as described above, when the UE performs beam switching in PRACH retransmission, the power ramping counter does not change.

Referring to FIG. 17 , when the UE retransmits the random access preamble for the same beam, the UE increases the power ramping counter by 1, for example, the power ramping counter is increased from 1 to 2 and from 3 to 4. However, when the beam is changed, the power ramping counter does not change in PRACH retransmission.

FIG. 18 illustrates the concept of the threshold of an SS block in a relationship with an RACH resource.

A UE knows the relationship between SS blocks and RACH resources through system information. The threshold of an SS block in a relationship with an RACH resource is based on RSRP and a network configuration. Transmission or retransmission of a RACH preamble is based on an SS block satisfying the threshold. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 18 , since SS block m exceeds the threshold of received power, the RACH preamble is transmitted or retransmitted based on SS block m.

Subsequently, when the UE receives a random access response on a DL-SCH, the DL-SCH may provide timing alignment information, an RA-preamble ID, an initial uplink grant, and a temporary C-RNTI.

Based on the information, the UE may perform uplink transmission of Msg3 of the random access procedure on a UL-SCH. Msg3 may include an RRC connection request and a UE identifier.

In response, a network may transmit Msg4, which can be considered as a contention resolution message, via a downlink. Upon receiving this message, the UE can enter the RRC-connected state.

<Bandwidth Part (BWP)>

In the NR system, a maximum of 400 MHz can be supported per component carrier (CC). If a UE operating in such a wideband CC operates with RF for all CCs turn on all the time, UE battery consumption may increase. Otherwise, considering use cases operating in one wideband CC (e.g., eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, etc.), different numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacings (SCSs)) can be supported for different frequency bands in the CC. Otherwise, UEs may have different capabilities for a maximum bandwidth. In consideration of this, an eNB may instruct a UE to operate only in a part of the entire bandwidth of a wideband CC, and the part of the bandwidth is defined as a bandwidth part (BWP) for convenience. A BWP can be composed of resource blocks (RBs) consecutive on the frequency axis and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix (CP) length, a slot/mini-slot duration, or the like).

Meanwhile, the eNB can configure a plurality of BWPs for a UE even within one CC. For example, a BWP occupying a relatively small frequency domain can be set in a PDCCH monitoring slot and a PDSCH indicated by a PDCCH can be scheduled on a BWP wider than the BWP. When UEs converge on a specific BWP, some UEs may be set to other BWPs for load balancing. Otherwise, BWPs on both sides of a bandwidth other than some spectra at the center of the bandwidth may be configured in the same slot in consideration of frequency domain inter-cell interference cancellation between neighbor cells. That is, the eNB can configure at least one DL/UL BWP for a UE associated with(=related with) a wideband CC and activate at least one of DL/UL BWPs configured at a specific time (through L1 signaling or MAC CE or RRC signaling), and switching to other configured DL/UL BWPs may be indicated (through L1 signaling or MAC CE or RRC signaling) or switching to a determined DL/UL BWP may occur when a timer value expires on the basis of a timer. Here, an activated DL/UL BWP is defined as an active DL/UL BWP. However, a UE may not receive a configuration for a DL/UL BWP when the UE is in an initial access procedure or RRC connection is not set up. In such a situation, a DL/UL BWP assumed by the UE is defined as an initial active DL/UL BWP.

<Discontinuous Reception (DRX)>

Discontinuous reception (DRX) refers to an operation mode that enables a UE to reduce battery consumption and to discontinuously receive a downlink channel. That is, the UE configured in DRX may discontinuously receive a DL signal, thereby reducing power consumption.

A DRX operation is performed within a DRX cycle indicating a time period in which an on duration is periodically repeated. The DRX cycle includes an on duration and a sleep duration (or opportunity for DRX). The on duration indicates a time period in which a UE monitors a PDCCH to receive the PDCCH.

DRX may be performed in a radio resource control (RRC)_IDLE state (or mode), RRC_INACTIVE state (or mode), or RRC_CONNECTED state (or mode). In the RRC_IDLE state and the RRC_INACTIVE state, DRX may be used to discontinuously receive a paging signal.

-   -   RRC_IDLE state: State in which a wireless connection (RRC         connection) is not established between a base station and a UE.     -   RRC_INACTIVE state: State in which a wireless connection (RRC         connection) is established between a base station and a UE but         is deactivated.     -   RRC_CONNECTED state: State in which a radio connection (RRC         connection) is established between a base station and a UE.

DRX may be basically divided into idle-mode DRX, connected DRX (C-DRX), and extended DRX.

DRX applied in the idle state may be referred to as idle-mode DRX, and DRX applied in the connected state may be referred to as connected-mode DRX (C-DRX).

Extended/enhanced DRX (eDRX) is a mechanism capable of extending the cycle of idle-mode DRX and C-DRX and may be mainly used for application of (massive) IoT. In idle-mode DRX, whether to allow eDRX may be configured based on system information (e.g., SIB 1). SIB1 may include an eDRX-allowed parameter. The eDRX-allowed parameter is a parameter indicating whether idle-mode extended DRX is allowed.

<Idle-Mode DRX>

In the idle mode, a UE may use DRX to reduce power consumption. One paging occasion (PO) is a subframe in which a paging-radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) can be transmitted through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a MTC PDCCH (MPDCCH), or a narrowband PDCCH (NPDCCH) (addressing a paging message for NB-IoT).

In a P-RNTI transmitted through an MPDCCH, PO may indicate a starting subframe of an MPDCCH repetition. In the case of a P-RNTI transmitted through an NPDCCH, when a subframe determined based on a PO is not a valid NB-IoT downlink subframe, the PO may indicate a starting subframe of an NPDCCH repetition. Therefore, a first valid NB-IoT downlink subframe after the PO is the starting subframe of the NPDCCH repetition.

One paging frame (PF) is one radio frame that may include one or a plurality of paging occasions. When DRX is used, the UE needs to monitor only one PO per DRX cycle. One paging narrow band (PNB) is one narrow band in which the UE receives a paging message. A PF, a PO and a PNB may be determined based on DRX parameters provided via system information.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing an idle-mode DRX operation.

Referring to FIG. 19 , a UE may receive idle-mode DRX configuration information from a base station through higher-layer signaling (e.g., system information) (S21).

The UE may determine a paging frame (PF) and a paging occasion (PO) to monitor a PDCCH in a paging DRX cycle based on the idle-mode DRX configuration information (S22). In this case, the DRX cycle may include an on duration and a sleep duration (or opportunity for DRX).

The UE may monitor a PDCCH in the PO of the determined PF (S23). Here, for example, the UE monitors only one subframe (PO) per paging DRX cycle. In addition, when the UE receives a PDCCH scrambled with a P-RNTI in the on duration (that is, when paging is detected), the UE may transition to a connected mode and may transmit and receive data to and from the base station.

<Connected-Mode DRX (C-DRX)>

C-DRX refers to DRX applied in the RRC connected state. The DRX cycle of C-DRX may include a short DRX cycle and/or a long DRX cycle. Here, the short DRX cycle may be optional.

When C-DRX is configured, a UE may perform PDCCH monitoring for an on duration. When a PDCCH is successfully detected during the PDCCH monitoring, the UE may operate (or run) an inactivity timer and may maintain an awake state. However, when the PDCCH is not successfully detected during the PDCCH monitoring, the UE may enter a sleep state after the on duration expires.

When C-DRX is configured, a PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slot having a PDCCH search space) may be discontinuously configured based on the C-DRX configuration. However, when C-DRX is not configured, a PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slot having a PDCCH search space) can be continuously configured in the present disclosure.

PDCCH monitoring may be limited to a time period set as a measurement gap regardless of a C-DRX configuration.

FIG. 20 illustrates a DRX cycle.

Referring to FIG. 20 , the DRX cycle includes an ‘on duration (hereinafter, also referred to as a ‘DRX-on duration’) and an ‘opportunity for DRX’. The DRX cycle defines a time interval in which the on-duration is cyclically repeated. The on-duration indicates a time duration in which a UE performs monitoring to receive a PDCCH. If DRX is configured, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring during the ‘on-duration’. If there is a PDCCH successfully detected during the PDCCH monitoring, the UE operates an inactivity timer and maintains an awake state. On the other hand, if there is no PDCCH successfully detected during the PDCCH monitoring, the UE enters a sleep state after the ‘on-duration’ ends. Therefore, when the DRX is configured, in the performing of the procedure and/or methods described/proposed above, PDCCH monitoring/reception may be performed discontinuously in a time domain. For example, when the DRX is configured, in the present disclosure, a PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slot having a PDCCH search space) may be configured discontinuously according to the DRX configuration. Otherwise, if the DRX is not configured, in the performing of the procedure and/or methods described/proposed above, PDCCH monitoring/reception may be performed continuously in the time domain. For example, when the DRX is not configured, in the present disclosure, a PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slot having a PDCCH search space) may be configured continuously. Meanwhile, regardless of whether the DRX is configured, PDCCH monitoring may be restricted in a duration configured as a measurement gap.

Table 8 shows a UE procedure related to DRX (RRC_CONNECTED state).

Referring to Table 8, DRX configuration information may be received through higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. Whether DRX is ON or OFF may be controlled by a DRX command of a MAC layer. If the DRX is configured, PDCCH monitoring may be performed discontinuously.

TABLE 8 Type of signals UE procedure 1^(st) step RRC signalling Receive DRX configuration (MAC-CellGroupConfig) information 2^(nd) step MAC CE Receive DRX command ((Long) DRX command MAC CE) 3^(rd) step — Monitor a PDCCH during an on- duration of a DRX cycle

MAC-CellGroupConfig may include configuration information required to configure a medium access control (MAC) parameter for a cell group. MAC-CellGroupConfig may also include configuration information regarding DRX. For example, MAC-CellGroupConfig may include information for defining DRX as follows.

-   -   Value of drx-OnDurationTimer: This defines a length of a         starting duration of a DRX cycle. It may be a timer related to a         DRX-on duration.     -   Value of drx-InactivityTimer: This defines a length of a time         duration in which the UE is in an awake state, after a PDCCH         occasion in which a PDCCH indicating initial UL or DL data is         detected.     -   Value of drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL: This defines a length of a         maximum time duration until DL retransmission is received, after         DL initial transmission is received.     -   Value of drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL: This defines a length of a         maximum time duration until a grant for UL retransmission is         received, after a grant for UL initial transmission is received.     -   drx-LongCycleStartOffset: This defines a time length and a         starting point of a DRX cycle     -   drx-ShortCycle (optional): This defines a time length of a short         DRX cycle.

Herein, if any one of drx-OnDurationTimer, drx-InactivityTimer, drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL, and drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL is operating, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring in every PDCCH occasion while maintaining an awake state.

Hereinafter, the proposal of the present disclosure will be described in more detail.

The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals/messages/fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

As described above, the C-DRX operation is introduced for power saving of a UE and operates in the way of entering a sleep mode and not perform a transmission/reception till the next DRX cycle in the case that there is no PDCCH reception in the on-duration which is defined in every DRX cycle. In the case that a PDCCH is received in the on-duration, a deactivation timer and a retransmission timer operate to increase the activation time, and in the case that there is no additional data reception within the activation time, the sleep operation may be performed till the next DRX operation.

In NR, a wake up signal (WUS) is introduced to obtain additional power saving benefit to the conventional C-DRX operation, and the WUS plays the role of determining whether a PDCCH monitoring is performed in the on-duration of each DRX cycle or a plurality of DRX cycles. In the case that the WUS is not detected in a predetermined or indicated WUS occasion, the PDCCH monitoring is not performed, and the sleep operation is maintained in a single or a plurality of DRX cycles which is associated with the WUS.

In the NR system, a wake up indication has been discussed for the power saving of a UE, and the wake up indication may play the role of determining whether a normal mode operation (e.g., the conventional DRX operation such as an operation of an on-duration timer on a starting point of the DRX cycle) is performed in a specific DRX cycle(s) which is associated with the conventional DRX operation. The wake up indication may be transmitted in the format of DCI which is scrambled with a power saving-RNTI (PS-RNTI), and the DCI may be defined as DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 2_6. DCI format 3_0 may include not only the wake up indication but also information for a power saving scheme (e.g., SCell dormancy, aperiodic CSI triggering, etc.) in another scheme. Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, DCI format 3_0 and DCI format 2_6 may be interpreted interchangeably.

In the case that the carrier aggregation (CA) is configured, a UE has only a single RRC connection with a network. When an RRC connection is established/reestablished/hand-overed, a single serving cell provides NAS mobility information, and when an RRC connection is reestablished/hand-overed, a single serving cell provides a security input. This cell is referred to as a primary cell (PCell). According to a UE capability, secondary cells (SCells) are configured together with the PCell, and a set of serving cells may be configured. A configured set of the serving cells for a UE includes a single PCell and one or more SCells.

According to the carrier aggregation operation, a transmission/reception is performed in multiple cells, the power consumption increases in comparison with a single cell operation. As a method of reducing the power consumption, a method of deactivating an unused SCell may be used. However, the SCell activation/deactivation by RRC signaling increases latency, and additional power consumption is required in the activation/deactivation process. To solve the problem, in the LTE system, a dormancy state is defined for an SCell, and it is defined that a PDCCH monitoring is not performed in the SCell in which the dormancy state is set to the SCell by MAC signaling, and it is defined that operations of a channel quality measurement and the like such as a CSI report are performed for a faster state transition. For example, in the case that a specific SCell is configured as the dormancy state, a UE may not perform a PDCCH monitoring for the SCell. Thereafter, to activate the SCell quickly, a measurement, a report, and the like are performed in the dormancy state, and the channel condition and the link status of the SCell may be monitored. In the NR system, the dormancy state or the dormancy operation described above may be defined in a unit of BWP.

For example, by using the following method, the dormancy operation for each cell or a BWP may be defined. Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, the dormancy operation may be interchangeably interpreted with an operation of a UE based on a dormancy mode, and a normal operation may be interchangeably interpreted with an operation which is not the dormancy operation or an operation of a UE based on a normal mode. In addition, the methods for the dormancy operation described below are just examples, and it is understood that various methods may be defined therefor. Furthermore, a non-dormancy operation may mean the operation, which is not the dormancy operation, that is, the operation in a normal state or a normal mode.

(Dormancy Operation Definition Method 1) State Change

A network may indicate to switch to the dormancy state for a specific BWP, and a UE may not perform a part or the whole PDCCH monitoring set to the BWP to which a switch to the dormancy state is indicated.

(Dormancy Operation Definition Method 2) Dormancy BWP

A network may designate a specific BWP as a dormancy BWP. For example, a network may indicate not to perform PDCCH monitoring in such a way that a BWP of which bandwidth is 0 is configured, minimum PDCCH monitoring is indicated through a BWP configuration, or a search space set configuration is not indicated.

Table 9 below is an example of DCI format 3_0.

TABLE 9   Format 3_0 DCI format 3_0 is used to inform information related to power saving. The following information may be transmitted through DCI format 3_0 together with the CRC scrambled by a PS (power saving)-RNTI. Wake up indication Power saving technique (e.g., SCell dormancy indication, SCell dormancy operation, aperiodic CSI triggering) A size of DCI format 3_0 may be configured by a higher layer or predetermined.

In the NR system, the dormancy operation has been standardized in the scheme of performing a faster state transition through a layer (L)1 signaling, and the dormancy indication may be used to inform whether an SCell is switched to dormancy/non-dormancy in a non-DRX mode or inform whether SCells is in the dormancy state, which is included together with a wake up indication of DCI format 3_0 in the DRX mode and configured after the wake up.

Hereinafter, a fallback operation for a miss detection of the dormancy indication will be described.

As described above, the UE configured to perform a DCX operation may also be configured with the monitoring for DCI format 3_0 by a search space set configuration. The UE that monitors DCI format 3_0 may determine whether to wake up in a DRX cycle which is associated according to a wake up indication in DCI format 3_0. Additionally, in the case that DCI format 3_0 is not detected in the resource indicated to monitor DCI format 3_0, an operation of the UE may be instructed in advance by a network, and the operation may be defined as below.

In the case that DCI format 3_0 is not detected out of the activation time, in order to solve the case, whether the UE wakes up may be configured by higher layer signaling. In the case that the signaling is not configured, a default operation is not to wake up. That is, the operation in the case that the UE indicated to monitor DCI format 3_0 is unable to detect DCI format 3_0 in a monitoring resource may be indicated by a network, and the default operation in the case that there is no network indication may be defined as “does not wake up”.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation of a UE for the case that the UE is unable to receive the DCI including a dormancy indication.

Referring to FIG. 21 , a UE receives monitoring related configuration information of DCI format 3_0 (step S2110).

Thereafter, the UE determines whether DCI format 3_0 is detected in a resource or occasion based on the configuration information (step S2120).

In the case that DCI format 3_0 is detected, the UE determines whether to wake up in a DRX cycle related according to the wake up indication field in DCI format 3_0 (step S2121).

In the case that DCI format 3_0 is not detected, the UE determines a presence of a network indication (step S2122). In the case that there is a network indication, the UE performs an operation according to the network indication (step S2131). In the case that there is no network indication, the UE does not wake up (step S2132). That is, in the case that there is no network indication, the UE performs the default operation. In this case, the default operation may be an operation of not performing wake up.

Meanwhile, since the SCell dormancy indication determines a performance of the PDCCH monitoring for the associated SCell, the SCell dormancy indication may influence the power consumption of a UE and the efficient resource management of a network. Accordingly, the same understanding for the SCell dormary operation is required between a network and a UE, and a fallback operation is also required for the case that a UE is unable to detect an indication of a network.

Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a fallback operation or a default operation is proposed for the case that DCI format 3_0 includes the SCell dormary operation, and a UE is unable to detect DCI format 3_0 in a monitoring resource or a monitoring window which is associated with a specific DRX cycle. The options described below may be performed solely or in combination. Meanwhile, in the options described below, “configured all SCell” may mean an SCell configured in the CA use or an SCell configured such that the dormancy operation is determined by the dormancy indication of DCI format 3_0.

Meanwhile, the methods proposed in the present disclosure may also be applied to the case that a monitoring occasion is ineffective in the same way.

(Option 1-1) the Dormancy Operation is Assumed for all Configured SCells.

A DRX operation may be configured to the power saving of a UE by a network, and it may be preferable that the dormancy operation is assumed as a default operation for the case of unable to detect the dormancy indication. The UE may assume the dormancy operation for all SCells, and the network may indicate a non-dormancy behavior for each SCell or SCell group after waking up if it is required.

Option 1-1 may also be implemented as a method of assuming that the dormancy operation is configured for all configured SCells in the case that the UE enters a DRX OFF period. That is, the operation that all timers (e.g., deactivation timer, retransmission timer, HARQ RTT timer, etc.) of maintaining an activation time in the DRX operation are terminated and the DRX OFF period begins may be assumed to trigger the dormancy operation of all SCells.

(Option 1-2) the Non-Dormancy Operation is Assumed for all Configured SCells.

In a network aspect, in the case that there are data to be sent to a specific UE, it may be preferable to transmit the data quickly to the UE in the resource management aspect. For this, it may be preferable that each SCell assumes the non-dormancy operation, and a network may indicate the dormancy operation for a specific SCell(s) after a UE wakes up and may adjust the power saving of the UE in accordance with a traffic.

Option 1-2 may be operated in combination with Option 1-1 described above. For example, the UE that enters a DRX OFF period according to Option 1-1 may assume that the dormancy operation is indicated for all SCells, and in the case that the UE is unable to detect the dormancy indication indicated by DCI format 3_0, the UE may assume that the non-dormancy operation is indicated for all SCell. Additionally, Option 1-2 may be limitedly applied to the case that the default operation for the wake up indication of the case that the UE is unable to detect DCI format 3_0 is wake up.

(Option 1-3) SCell or SCell Group-Specific Default Operation

By a predefined definition or higher layer signaling of a network, a default operation of each SCell or each SCell group may be defined. For example, in the case that it is configured that the SCell dormancy operation is indicated to a UE through DCI format 3_0 and the UE is unable to detect DCI format 3_0 in a given monitoring resource, it may predefined or indicated through higher layer signaling of a network such that X SCell(s) assumes the default operation to be the non-dormancy operation and the remaining SCell(s) assumes the default operation to be the dormancy operation in the ascending order of an SCell index.

In one example, through higher layer signaling such as RRC signaling, the default operation for each SCell may be defined, and when a group of SCells is determined by a network, the default operation for the group may be defined together.

FIG. 22 schematically illustrates an example that a default operation is defined for an SCell or SCell group.

Referring to FIG. 22 , a total of four SCells, that is, SCell #1, SCell #2, SCell #3, and SCell #4 are set to a UE. SCell #1 and SCell #2 are set to SCell group #1, and SCell #3 and SCell #4 are set to SCell group #2.

Here, a network may configure an SCell group-specific default operation to the UE. For example, the network may configure that the UE performs the dormancy operation as a default operation for SCell group #1 and configure that the UE performs the non-dormancy operation as a default operation for SCell group #2.

(Option 1-4) the Operation at the Latest Activation Time of Each SCell is Assumed to be a Default Operation.

In the case that a UE is unable to detect DCI format 3_0, it may be assumed that whether the dormancy operation is applied to each configured SCell follows the dormancy operation indicated by the SCell at the latest activation time. Additionally, in the case that the dormancy operation is changed in several times within the latest activation time, it may be defined that the latest dormancy operation is applied. That is, the final dormancy operation at the latest activation time may be defined as the default dormancy operation of the SCell in the case of unable to detect DCI format 3_0.

(Option 1-5) the Default Dormancy Operation Associated with the Default Operation for the Wake Up Indication

As described above, the behavior of the UE (e.g., wakes up or does not wake up) in the case of unable to detect DCI format 3_0 that indicates the wake up indication in a given monitoring resource may be indicated by a network, and in the case that there is no indication of a network, it may be defined that the UE does not wake up. The dormancy indication for an SCell may be indicated by DCI format 3_0 together with the wake up indication, and in the case of unable to detect DCI format 3_0, the default operation for the dormancy indication may be determined with being interconnected with the default operation of the wake up indication.

For example, in the case that the default operation for the wake up indication is “does not wake up”, since the on-duration timer for the UE does not operate, the SCell may also be defined as “does not wake up”. Alternatively, in the case that the default operation for the wake up indication is “does not wake up”, the dormancy operation of the SCell may be predefined as one (e.g., Option 1-1) of the options described above or indicated by higher layer signaling by a network. Alternatively, in the case that the default operation for the wake up indication is “wake up”, the default operation for the wake up indication may be predefined as one of the options described above or indicated by higher layer signaling by a network.

Additionally, Option 1-5 may also be applied to the case that the wake up indication is “does not wake up” as a decoding result of DCI format 3_0. In one example, in the case that the wake up indication is “does not wake up”, the UE may disregard the SCell dormancy indication transmitted together.

Hereinafter, a dormancy operation of a UE will be described for the case that monitoring for DCI format 3_0 is not configured to the UE.

In the above description, the default operation is proposed for the case that the UE is unable to detect DCI format 3_0 in which the SCell dormancy operation indication is included in a monitoring resource. Additionally, the contents proposed in the present disclosure may also be applied to a DRX operation of a BWP for which monitoring for DCI format 3_0 is not configured to the UE. In the case of the wake up indication, for a BWP configured not to monitor DCI format 3_0, in the case that an activation BWP is not configured as a PDCCH based power saving signal/channel, it may be defined that the UE may wake up according to the legacy DRX operation and start the on-duration timer (OnDurationTimer) in the next DRX ON period.

That is, it may be defined that the legacy DRX operation, that is, a start of the wake up and the on-duration timer is performed in the BWP in which DCI format 3_0 including the wake up indication is not monitored. Meanwhile, an operation of the SCell dormancy indication is also required to be defined in the BWP in which DCI format 3_0 is not monitored, and in the present disclosure, it is proposed that one of the options described above or a combination of two or more options is predefined as the default operation for the case or indicated through higher layer signaling by a network.

Hereinafter, a fallback operation for an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report will be described.

In DCI format 3_0, an aperiodic CSI report indication may also be included as well as the wake up indication and the SCell dormancy indication. This may be useful for a UE to apply the transmission technique to which a channel condition is applied quickly when the UE wakes up. Even in the case that the aperiodic CSI report indication is included in DCI format 3_0, a default operation for the case of unable to detect DCI format 3_0 is required to be defined, and in the present disclosure, it is proposed that one or a combination of two or more of the options described below as a default operation for the aperiodic CSI report indication.

(Option 2-1) an Aperiodic CSI Report is not Performed.

In the case that a UE is unable to detect DCI format 3_0 including the aperiodic CSI report indication, the UE may not perform the aperiodic CSI report.

(Option 2-2) a Predefined Channel Status Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) and an Aperiodic CSI Report Based on a Report Configuration are Performed.

In the case that a UE is unable to detect DCI format 3_0 including the aperiodic CSI report indication, the UE may measure the CSI using a CSI-RS, which is predefined or configured by a network, and configure a resource required for the reporting based on the CSI report configuration (e.g., resource information, etc.), which is predefined or configured by a network, and accordingly, perform the aperiodic CSI report.

(Option 2-3) a Performance of an Aperiodic CSI Report is Determined in Connection with the Default Operation for the Wake Up Indication.

The aperiodic CSI report indication may be indicated by DCI format 3_0 together with the wake up indication, and in the case of unable to detect DCI format 3_0, the default operation for the aperiodic CSI report indication may be determined with being interconnected with the default operation of the wake up indication. For example, in the case that the default operation for the wake up indication is “does not wake up”, the default operation may be predefined as one (e.g., Option 2-1) of the options described above or indicated by higher layer signaling by a network. In the case that the default operation for the wake up indication is “wake up”, the aperiodic CSI report indication may be performed by applying Option 2-2 described above.

Furthermore, in the case that the wake up indication indicates “does not wake up” but the aperiodic CSI report indication indicates the aperiodic CSI report, the UE may disregard the indication. In another method, in this case, the aperiodic CSI report may be performed by applying Option 2-2 described above and by using the predefined CSI-RS and the report configuration.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart for an example of a method for performing a default operation of a UE to which a primary cell and multiple secondary cells are configured according to some implementations of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 23 , a UE performs monitoring for downlink control information (DCI) (step S2310).

Thereafter, based on the condition that the DCI is not detected by the monitoring, the UE performs a default operation for the multiple secondary cells (step S2320).

Here, the default operation may be indicated to the UE through higher layer signaling which is transmitted from a network. In addition, here, the default operation may be different for each secondary cell group constructed by some cells among the multiple second cells. Furthermore, here, the default operation may be the dormancy operation or the non-dormancy operation.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart for an example of a method for configuration a default operation of a base station for a UE according to some implementations of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 24 , a base station transmits a higher layer signal to a UE (step S2410).

In addition, the base station transmits downlink control information (DCI) to the UE (step S2420).

Here, the DCI may inform whether a secondary cell configured for the UE is in a dormancy state. Furthermore, here, the higher layer signal may inform the default operation configured to be performed by the UE for the secondary cell based on the condition that the UE is unable to detect the DCI.

The claims described in the present disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the present disclosure may be combined to be implemented as an apparatus, and the technical features of the apparatus claims of the present disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claim of the present disclosure and the technical features of the apparatus claim may be combined to be implemented as an apparatus, and the technical features of the method claim of the present disclosure and the technical features of the apparatus claim may be combined to be implemented as a method.

The methods proposed in the present disclosure may be executable and connected to at least one computer readable medium including an instruction based on the execution by at least one processor, and one or more processors, and may include one or more memories executable and connected to the one or more processors to store instructions, as well as the UE. The one or more processors may also be executed by an apparatus configured to control the UE, which executes the instructions and performs the methods proposed in the present disclosure. Furthermore, according to the methods proposed in the present disclosure, the operation of the base station, which corresponds to the operation performed by the UE, may also be considered.

Hereinafter, an example of a communication system to which the disclosure is applied is described.

Various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be applied to, but not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, specific examples are illustrated with reference to drawings. In the following drawings/description, unless otherwise indicated, like reference numerals may refer to like or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

FIG. 25 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 25 , the communication system 1 applied to the disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. The wireless device may include, but limited to, a robot 100 a, a vehicle 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100 c, a hand-held device 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of things (IoT) device 100 f, and an AI device/server 400. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, a vehicle capable of inter-vehicle communication, or the like. Here, the vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices and may be configured as a head-mounted device (HMD), a vehicular head-up display (HUD), a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, or the like. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, and the like. The base station and the network may be configured, for example, as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200 a may operate as a base station/network node for other wireless devices.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present disclosure may include a narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, and may be implemented in standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, may be implemented in the standard of LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example of an LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented by at least any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names described above. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and LPWAN considering low power communication and is not limited to the names described above. For example, the ZigBee technology may create personal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be called by various names.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300 through the base station 200. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f, and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to an AI server 400 through the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may communicate with each other via the base station 200/network 300 and may also perform direct communication (e.g. sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the base station/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Further, the IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may directly communicate with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or another wireless device 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c may be established between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f and the base station 200 and between the base stations 200. Here, the wireless communications/connections may be established by various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink/downlink communication 150 a, sidelink communication 150 b (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication 150 c (e.g., relay or integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the base station/wireless devices, and the base stations may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c. For example, the wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c may transmit/receive signals over various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, and the like), and resource allocation processes may be performed on the basis of various proposals of the disclosure.

FIG. 26 illustrates a wireless device that is applicable to the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 26 , a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 may transmit and receive radio signals through various radio access technologies (e.g., LTE and NR). Here, the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may respectively correspond to a wireless device 100 x and the base station 200 of FIG. 25 and/or may respectively correspond to a wireless device 100 x and a wireless device 100 x of FIG. 25 .

The first wireless device 100 includes at least one processor 102 and at least one memory 104 and may further include at least one transceiver 106 and/or at least one antenna 108. The processor 102 may be configured to control the memory 104 and/or the transceiver 106 and to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information/signal and may then transmit a radio signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 106. In addition, the processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information/signal through the transceiver 106 and may store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and may store various pieces of information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store a software code including instructions to perform some or all of processes controlled by the processor 102 or to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a radio communication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected with the processor 102 and may transmit and/or receive a radio signal via the at least one antennas 108. The transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be replaced with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the disclosure, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 includes at least one processor 202 and at least one memory 204 and may further include at least one transceiver 206 and/or at least one antenna 208. The processor 202 may be configured to control the memory 204 and/or the transceiver 206 and to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information/signal and may then transmit a radio signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206. In addition, the processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206 and may store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and may store various pieces of information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store a software code including instructions to perform some or all of processes controlled by the processor 202 or to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a radio communication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected with the processor 202 and may transmit and/or receive a radio signal via the at least one antennas 208. The transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be replaced with an RF unit. In the disclosure, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 are described in detail. At least one protocol layer may be implemented, but limited to, by the at least one processor 102 and 202. For example, the at least one processor 102 and 202 may implement at least one layer (e.g., a functional layer, such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP layers). The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate at least one protocol data unit (PDU) and/or at least one service data unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed herein and may provide the signal to the at least one transceiver 106 and 206. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 and may obtain a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

The at least one processor 102 and 202 may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing devices (DSPD), at least one programmable logic devices (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least one processor 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. The firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be included in the at least one processor 102 and 202 or may be stored in the at least one memory 104 and 204 and may be executed by the at least one processor 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented in the form of a code, an instruction, and/or a set of instructions using firmware or software.

The at least one memory 104 and 204 may be connected to the at least one processor 102 and 202 and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, indications, and/or commands. The at least one memory 104 and 204 may be configured as a ROM, a RAM, an EPROM, a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer-readable storage medium, and/or a combinations thereof. The at least one memory 104 and 204 may be disposed inside and/or outside the at least one processor 102 and 202. In addition, the at least one memory 104 and 204 may be connected to the at least one processor 102 and 202 through various techniques, such as a wired or wireless connection.

The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or the like mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein to at least different device. The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or the like mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein from at least one different device. For example, the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may be connected to the at least one processor 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive a radio signal. For example, the at least one processor 102 and 202 may control the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to transmit user data, control information, or a radio signal to at least one different device. In addition, the at least one processor 102 and 202 may control the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to receive user data, control information, or a radio signal from at least one different device. The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may be connected to the at least one antenna 108 and 208 and may be configured to transmit or receive user data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or the like mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein through the at least one antenna 108 and 208. In this document, the at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or may be a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may convert a received radio signal/channel from an RF band signal into a baseband signal in order to process received user data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or the like using the at least one processor 102 and 202. The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or the like, processed using the at least one processor 102 and 202, from a baseband signal to an RF bad signal. To this end, the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may include an (analog) oscillator and/or a filter.

FIG. 27 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal.

Referring to FIG. 27 , the signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. Operations/functions illustrated with reference to FIG. 27 may be performed, but not limited to, in the processor 102 and 202 and/or the transceiver 106 and 206 of FIG. 26 . Hardware elements illustrated in FIG. 27 may be configured in the processor 102 and 202 and/or the transceiver 106 and 206 of FIG. 26 . For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be configured in the processor 102 and 202 of FIG. 26 . Alternatively, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be configured in the processor 102 and 202 of FIG. 26 , and a block 1060 may be configured in the transceiver 106 and 206 of FIG. 26 .

A codeword may be converted into a radio signal via the signal processing circuit 1000 of FIG. 27 . Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block and a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1010. A scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated on the basis of an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information about a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by the modulator 1020. A modulation scheme may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like. A complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to at least one transport layer by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to a corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1040 (precoding). Output z from the precoder 1040 may be obtained by multiplying output y from the layer mapper 1030 by a precoding matrix W of N*M, where N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1050 may map a modulation symbol of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols or DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and may include a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 may generate a radio signal from mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal may be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency upconverter, and the like.

A signal processing procedure for a received signal in a wireless device may be performed in the reverse order of the signal processing procedure 1010 to 1060 of FIG. 27 . For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100 and 200 of FIG. 26 ) may receive a radio signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal reconstructor. To this end, the signal reconstructor may include a frequency downconverter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. The baseband signal may be reconstructed to a codeword through resource demapping, postcoding, demodulation, and descrambling. The codeword may be reconstructed to an original information block through decoding. Thus, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal reconstructor, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler and a decoder.

FIG. 28 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to the disclosure. The wireless device may be configured in various forms depending on usage/service.

Referring to FIG. 28 , the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to the wireless device 100 and 200 of FIG. 26 and may include various elements, components, units, and/or modules. For example, the wireless device 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the at least one processor 102 and 202 and/or the at least one memory 104 and 204 of FIG. 26 . For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 and/or the at least one antenna 108 and 208 of FIG. 26 . The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device on the basis of a program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit 130. In addition, the control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., a different communication device) through a wireless/wired interface via the communication unit 110 or may store, in the memory unit 130, information received from the outside (e.g., a different communication device) through the wireless/wired interface via the communication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be configured variously depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be configured, but not limited to, as a robot (100 a in FIG. 25 ), a vehicle (100 b-1 or 100 b-2 in FIG. 25 ), an XR device (100 c in FIG. 25 ), a hand-held device (100 d in FIG. 25 ), a home appliance (100 e in FIG. 25 ), an IoT device (100 f in FIG. 25 ), a terminal for digital broadcasting, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (400 in FIG. 25 ), a base station (200 in FIG. 25 ), a network node, or the like. The wireless device may be mobile or may be used in a fixed place depending on usage/service.

In FIG. 28 , all of the various elements, components, units, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least some thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected via a cable in the wireless device 100 and 200, and the control unit 120 and a first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. In addition, each element, component, unit, and/or module in wireless device 100 and 200 may further include at least one element. For example, the control unit 120 may include at least one processor set. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured as a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. In another example, the memory unit 130 may include a random-access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Next, an illustrative configuration of FIG. 28 is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.

FIG. 29 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 29 , the hand-held device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and an input/output unit 140 c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG. 28 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive a signal (e.g., data, a control signal, or the like) to and from other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit 120 may control various components of the hand-held device 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may store data/parameter/program/code/command necessary to drive the hand-held device 100. Further, the memory unit 130 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 140 a supplies power to the hand-held device 100 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 140 b may support a connection between the hand-held device 100 and a different external device. The interface unit 140 b may include various ports (e.g., an audio input/output port and a video input/output port) for connection to an external device. The input/output unit 140 c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 140 c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140 d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in data communication, the input/output unit 140 c may obtain information/signal (e.g., a touch, text, voice, an image, and a video) input from the user, and the obtained information/signal may be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert information/signal stored in the memory unit into a radio signal and may transmit the converted radio signal directly to a different wireless device or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit 110 may receive a radio signal from a different wireless device or the base station and may reconstruct the received radio signal to original information/signal. The reconstructed information/signal may be stored in the memory unit 130 and may then be output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, an image, a video, and a haptic form) through the input/output unit 140 c.

FIG. 30 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle applied to the disclosure. The vehicle or the autonomous driving may be configured as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 30 , the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit 140 c, and an autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as apart of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110/130/140 a to 140 d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 in FIG. 28 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive a signal (e.g., data, a control signal, or the like) to and from external devices, such as a different vehicle, a base station (e.g. a base station, a road-side unit, or the like), and a server. The control unit 120 may control elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 140 a may enable the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to run on the ground. The driving unit 140 a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 140 b supplies power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehicle condition, environmental information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140 c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, vehicular forward/backward vision sensors, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatic driving along a set route, a technology for automatically setting a route and driving when a destination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic condition data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan on the basis of obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the driving unit 140 a to move the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically obtain updated traffic condition data from the external server and may obtain surrounding traffic condition data from a neighboring vehicle. Further, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehicle condition and environmental information. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may update the autonomous driving route and the driving plan on the basis of newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to the external server. The external server may predict traffic condition data in advance using AI technology or the like on the basis of information collected from vehicles or autonomous driving vehicles and may provide the predicted traffic condition data to the vehicles or the autonomous driving vehicles.

FIG. 31 illustrates a vehicle applied to the disclosure. The vehicle may be implemented as a means of transportation, a train, an air vehicle, a ship, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 31 , the vehicle 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140 a, and a positioning unit 140 b. Herein, blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 b correspond to block 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 28 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other vehicles or external devices such as a base station. The control unit 120 may control components of the vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the vehicle 100. The input/output unit 140 a may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 130. The input/output unit 140 a may include a HUD. The positioning unit 140 b may acquire position information of the vehicle 100. The location information may include absolute location information of the vehicle 100, location information within a driving line, acceleration information, location information with a neighboring vehicle, and the like. The positioning unit 140 b may include a GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store it in the memory unit 130. The positioning unit 140 b may obtain vehicle position information through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, vehicle location information, and the like, and the input/output unit 140 a may display the generated virtual object on a window inside the vehicle (1410 and 1420). In addition, the control unit 120 may determine whether the vehicle 100 is normally operating within the driving line based on the vehicle location information. When the vehicle 100 abnormally deviates from the driving line, the control unit 120 may display a warning on the windshield of the vehicle through the input/output unit 140 a. Also, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning message regarding the driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles through the communication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120 may transmit the location information of the vehicle and information on driving/vehicle abnormality to the related organization through the communication unit 110.

FIG. 32 illustrates a XR device applied to the disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 32 , the XR device 100 a may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140 a, a sensor unit 140 b and a power supply unit 140 c. Herein, blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG. 28 .

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., media data, control signals, etc.) to/from external devices such as other wireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data may include images, images, sounds, and the like. The control unit 120 may control the components of the XR device 100 a to perform various operations. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 100 a/creating an XR object. The input/output unit 140 a may obtain control information, data, and the like from the outside, and may output the generated XR object. The input/output unit 140 a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 140 b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140 b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. The power supply unit 140 c supplies power to the XR device 100 a, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100 a may include information (e.g., data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object (e.g., AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 140 a may obtain a command to operate the XR device 100 a from the user, and the control unit 120 may drive the XR device 100 a according to the user's driving command. For example, when the user wants to watch a movie or news through the XR device 100 a, the control unit 120 transmits the content request information through the communication unit 130 to another device (e.g., the mobile device 100 b) or can be sent to the media server. The communication unit 130 may download/stream contents such as movies and news from another device (e.g., the portable device 100 b) or a media server to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation/processing for the content, and is acquired through the input/output unit 140 a/the sensor unit 140 b An XR object can be generated/output based on information about one surrounding space or a real object.

Also, the XR device 100 a is wirelessly connected to the portable device 100 b through the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XR device 100 a may be controlled by the portable device 100 b. For example, the portable device 100 b may operate as a controller for the XR device 100 a. To this end, the XR device 100 a may obtain 3D location information of the portable device 100 b, and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the portable device 100 b.

FIG. 33 illustrates a robot applied to the disclosure. The robot may be classified into industrial, medical, home, military, and the like depending on the purpose or field of use.

Referring to FIG. 33 , the robot 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140 a, a sensor unit 140 b, and a driving unit 140 c. Herein, blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG. 28 .

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., driving information, control signal, etc.) to/from external device such as other wireless device, other robot, or a control server. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the robot 100. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the robot 100. The input/output unit 140 a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 100 and may output information to the outside of the robot 100. The input/output unit 140 a may include a camera, a microphone, an user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module, etc. The sensor unit 140 b may obtain internal information, surrounding environment information, user information and the like of the robot 100. The sensor unit may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, and the like. The driving unit 140 c may perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition, the driving unit 140 c may make the robot 100 travel on the ground or fly in the air. The driving unit 140 c may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like.

FIG. 34 illustrates an AI device applied to the disclosure. The AI device may be implemented as a stationary device or a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digital broadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, and a vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 34 , the AI device 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input unit 140 a, an output unit 140 b, a learning processor unit 140 c, and a sensor unit 140 d. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 d correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 28 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive wired or wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, a user input, a learning mode, a control signal, or the like) to and from external devices, a different AI device (e.g., 100 x, 200, or 400 in FIG. 25 ) or an AI server (e.g., 400 in FIG. 25 ) using wired or wireless communication technologies. To this end, the communication unit 110 may transmit information in the memory unit 130 to an external device or may transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 130.

The control unit 120 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 100 on the basis of information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine-learning algorithm. The control unit 120 may control components of the AI device 100 to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit 120 may request, retrieve, receive, or utilize data of the learning processor unit 140 c or the memory unit 130 and may control components of the AI device 100 to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be preferable among the at least one executable operation. The control unit 120 may collect history information including details about an operation of the AI device 100 or a user's feedback on the operation and may store the history information in the memory unit 130 or the learning processor unit 140 c or may transmit the history information to an external device, such as the AI server (400 in FIG. 25 ). The collected history information may be used to update a learning model.

The memory unit 130 may store data for supporting various functions of the AI device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 may store data obtained from the input unit 140 a, data obtained from the communication unit 110, output data from the learning processor unit 140 c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 140. Further, the memory unit 130 may store control information and/or a software code necessary for the operation/execution of the control unit 120.

The input unit 140 a may obtain various types of data from the outside of the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140 a may obtain learning data for model learning and input data to which a learning model is applied. The input unit 140 a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 140 b may generate visual, auditory, or tactile output. The output unit 140 b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 140 may obtain at least one of internal information about the AI device 100, environmental information about the AI device 100, and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit 140 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar.

The learning processor unit 140 c may train a model including artificial neural networks using learning data. The learning processor unit 140 c may perform AI processing together with a learning processor unit of an AI server (400 in FIG. 25 ). The learning processor unit 140 c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 110 and/or information stored in the memory unit 130. In addition, an output value from the learning processor unit 140 c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 110 and/or may be stored in the memory unit 130. 

1. A method of performing a default operation performed by a user equipment (UE) to which a primary cell and multiple secondary cells are configured in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: performing monitoring for downlink control information (DCI), wherein the DCI includes a wake-up indication, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a power saving-radio network temporary identifier (PS-RNTI); and performing the default operation for the multiple secondary cells based on the DCI not being detected by the monitoring, wherein a higher layer signal received by the UE from a network informs the UE of the default operation which is operated per each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is configured for each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is a dormancy operation or a non-dormancy operation, and wherein based on that the DCI is not detected by the monitoring, the UE skips an aperiodic channel state information (CSI) report on a first secondary cell in which the dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells, and performs the aperiodic CSI report on a second secondary cell in which the non-dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI includes dormancy information for a part of or all the multiple secondary cells.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dormancy operation decreases a number of performances of the monitoring for a corresponding secondary cell, and wherein the non-dormancy operation increases a number of performances of the monitoring for a corresponding secondary cell.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dormancy operation configures a bandwidth part (BWP) of a corresponding secondary cell as a dormancy BWP, and wherein the UE does not perform the monitoring on the dormancy BWP.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the default operation is configured for each secondary cell group constructed by some cells among the multiple second cells.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the secondary cell group is configured in an ascending order of indexes of the secondary cells.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the default operation is different for each secondary cell group.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the default operation is configured as an operation at the latest activation time for each of the secondary cells.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein based on the wake-up indication informing that the UE is to wake up, the user equipment performs the default operation.
 10. (canceled)
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the aperiodic CSI report is performed based on predefined configuration information.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the aperiodic CSI report includes a resource on which the aperiodic CSI report is performed. 13-14. (canceled)
 15. A user equipment (UE) to which a primary cell and multiple secondary cells are configured, the user equipment comprising: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connecting the one or more memories with the one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors, by executing the instruction, are configured to perform: performing monitoring for downlink control information (DCI), wherein the DCI includes a wake-up indication, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a power saving-radio network temporary identifier (PS-RNTI); and performing the default operation for the multiple secondary cells based on the DCI not being detected by the monitoring, wherein a higher layer signal received by the UE from a network informs the UE of the default operation which is operated per each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is configured for each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is a dormancy operation or a non-dormancy operation, and wherein based on that the DCI is not detected by the monitoring, the UE skips an aperiodic channel state information (CSI) report on a first secondary cell in which the dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells, and performs the aperiodic CSI report on a second secondary cell in which the non-dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells.
 16. A method of performing a default operation performed for a user equipment (UE) by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting a higher layer signal to the UE; and transmitting downlink control information (DCI) to the user equipment, wherein the DCI includes a wake-up indication, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a power saving-radio network temporary identifier (PS-RNTI), wherein the DCI informs whether multiple secondary cells configured for the UE is dormant, and wherein the higher layer signal informs a default operation configured for the UE to be performed for each of the multiple secondary cells based on the UE being unable to detect the DCI.
 17. A base station, comprising: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connecting the one or more memories with the one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors, by executing the instruction, are configured to perform: transmitting a higher layer signal to the UE; and transmitting downlink control information (DCI) to the UE, wherein the DCI includes a wake-up indication, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a power saving-radio network temporary identifier (PS-RNTI), wherein the DCI informs whether multiple secondary cells configured for the UE is dormant, and wherein the higher layer signal informs a default operation configured for the UE to be performed for each of the multiple secondary cells based on the UE being unable to detect the DCI.
 18. An apparatus configured to control a user equipment (UE) to which a primary cell and multiple secondary cells, comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories workably connected to the one or more processors and store instructions, wherein the one or more processors, by executing the instruction, are configured to perform: performing monitoring for downlink control information (DCI); and performing the default operation for the multiple secondary cells based on the DCI not being detected by the monitoring, wherein the DCI includes a wake-up indication, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a power saving-radio network temporary identifier (PS-RNTI), wherein a higher layer signal received by the UE from a network informs the UE of the default operation which is operated per each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is configured for each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is a dormancy operation or a non-dormancy operation, and wherein based on that the DCI is not detected by the monitoring, the UE skips an aperiodic channel state information (CSI) report on a first secondary cell in which the dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells, and performs the aperiodic CSI report on a second secondary cell in which the non-dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells.
 19. A computer readable medium readable by at least one computer including an instruction based on an executable by at least one processor, performing monitoring for downlink control information (DCI); and performing the default operation for the multiple secondary cells based on the DCI not being detected by the monitoring, wherein the DCI includes a wake-up indication, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a power saving-radio network temporary identifier (PS-RNTI), wherein a higher layer signal received by the user equipment (UE) from a network informs the UE of the default operation which is operated per each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is configured for each of the multiple secondary cells, wherein the default operation is a dormancy operation or a non-dormancy operation, and wherein based on that the DCI is not detected by the monitoring, the UE skips an aperiodic channel state information (CSI) report on a first secondary cell in which the dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells, and performs the aperiodic CSI report on a second secondary cell in which the non-dormancy operation is configured as the default operation among the multiple secondary cells. 